void nop();

int main() {
 /* this is a comparison of calling mechanisms, so it's as nonoptimized as
    the two forth examples (or nearly so)
 */
 int count;
 int result;
 for ( count = 0; count < REPS; count++) {
  result = calculate(4, 8);
 }
 return result;
}

int calculate(int n1, int n2) {
 int result;
 result = average(n1, n2);
 return result;
}

int average(int n1, int n2) {
 int result;
 nop();
 result = sum(n1, n2);
 result = divide(result, 2);
}

void nop() {
}

int sum(int n1, int n2) {
 int result;
 result = n1 + n2;
 return result;
}

int divide(int n1, int n2) {
 int result;
 result = n1 / n2;
 return result;
}